Text | Headings | Lists | Figures, Tables and Boxes | Supplying Graphics and Illustrations | References and Notes | Permissions | Contentious Material | Indexes | Sections and Cross References | Proof-reading
Text
Paragraphs should be full out left, ie no indentation of the first line. Instead, insert an extra hard carriage return after each paragraph.
Headings
Pick a style for each level of heading/subheading and stick to that style. It is essential that levels of headings are clearly and consistently coded by 'square bracket tagging' each heading according to its level, ie '[a]' for the first level of heading after a chapter title, '[b]' for the next and so on. To simplify things, you can create a 'short cut' key for each tag. Do not leave a space after the tag and the text that it codes. For example:
[a]Public Policy
[b]Green taxes
[c]The EU carbon tax
Please do not number your headings. The only numbered heading should be the chapter heading.
Lists
You may wish to have bulleted or numbered lists. Only use the latter where there is a clear hierarchy in the list entries, or if the preceding statement warrants it (eg 'There are four points to be borne in mind...'). Please avoid lists with very long entries - it is often less confusing to use subheadings.
Please don't use Word or WordPerfect bullet or number list functions and don't type bullet symbols. This type of formatting tends to crash professional typesetting programs. Use a hard carriage return at the end of each point and insert an extra hard carriage return before and after the full list (ie one line space above and below). Type two asterisks, '**', followed by one character space, to indicate the start of each bullet point, as follows:
** first point in a bulleted list;
** second point in a bulleted list;
** third point in a bulleted list; and
** fourth point in a bulleted list.
Numbers followed by one character space will indicate a numbered list:
1 First point in a numbered list.
2 Second point in a numbered list.
3 Third point in a numbered list.
Where the points are complete sentences (or paragraphs), use an introductory colon, initial upper case (capital letter) on the first word and a final full stop; where they are continuations of the introductory sentence, use an introductory colon, lower case first word, semicolons after each point and a final full stop after the last point.
Figures, Tables and Boxes
Figures, tables and boxes must not be saved in the main text files. All captions should be inserted in the relevant place in the text and numbered sequentially within each chapters, eg 'Figure 1.1 The poverty spiral in Bangladesh' would be the first figure in Chapter 1; 'Table 4.6 Pesticide use and yields of major crops in Europe' would be the sixth table in Chapter 4. Full details of sources must be provided in each case, unless the work is your own and unpublished elsewhere. When referring to specific figures/tables/boxes within the text, please use an initial upper case, eg '(see Figure 3.2)'.
Figures
Please supply a hard copy printout and the electronic file (see Supplying Graphics and Illustrations). A numbered figure caption (and 'Source:' and 'Note:', where appropriate) inserted in the appropriate place in the main text is all that is needed to indicate the correct position for the typesetter. The illustration number should be bold and the caption italic, with initial caps for all main words, as below.
Figure 1.3 Effects of Global Warming in Europe
Tables
Please only place rules (lines) at the top and bottom of a table. Extra line spaces should be used for clarification rather than inserting additional rules. Type the appropriately numbered caption above each table.
Boxes
No special formatting is required for boxes. The caption should be centred above the box text.
Supplying Graphics and Illustrations
We prefer to receive files as tif, jpeg or eps format. Please check with
us if you intend to submit figures in other file formats. It is best to avoid
using Word documents with photographs or other image files embedded in them; it
will result in additional work and poorer quality. We can accept hard copy (e.g. photographs or transparencies) although
the cost of scanning them to produce an electronic file may be passed on (see
next point).
If figures are not supplied in the ideal format or to specifications
outlined below we are likely to need to carry out additional work on the files
or have the figure redrawn, and the cost of this is usually passed on to the
author.
Electronic Specifications
Please provide figures to be reproduced in monochrome as black and
white (‘grayscale’) images and provide colour figures as CMYK, not RGB. Image size, when resolution is set to 300dpi, should be as close as
possible to the size at which the image is likely to appear in the book. Often
this will mean a width of 120mm, although it obviously depends on the chosen
dimensions for the book. Save each image file using the name of the figure as referred to in the
chapter text, e.g. ‘Figure 1.1.tif’. If a Figure is made up of multiple images
they may be saved as ‘Figure 1.1a.tif’, ‘Figure 1.1b.tif’, etc. If you are creating a diagram, graph, etc. yourself, it’s preferable to
use 8pt Helvetica font for any labelling (assuming the figure is at the correct
size). Do not include the figure caption, source or notes in the illustration.
These will be inserted in the appropriate position in the main text.
Additional costs: please bear in mind that we will have to charge the author if it is necessary to redraw or make corrections to figures or labels and keys. The costs will be deducted from future royalty earnings. Where illustrations are not camera-ready, charges for image manipulation range from £5 for simple line drawings and labels/keys corrections, to £35 for redrawing a complex figure such as a detailed map. Graphic files created in Word or WordPerfect are not considered to be camera-ready as they cannot be imported directly by the typesetter and will therefore require manipulating or, in some instances, redrawing.
References and Notes
We prefer the Harvard system of referencing, whereby the author's surname, date of publication and, where possible, page number are quoted in brackets in the main text (Hough, 1998, p23). The full references should be listed alphabetically by surname in one chapter, entitled 'References', at the end of the book (or under an 'a' level heading at the end of each chapter in a multi-authored volume). Please avoid using numbered references since the addition or deletion of references can create lots of work for the copy editor and proof-reader.
It is essential that you provide full information for all references: author's name, initials, date of publication, full title of publication, publisher, place of publication and page number. Please follow closely the style of referencing given below. If you chose a close variation, then take care to be consistent throughout. Correcting poorly presented or incomplete references is time consuming for the copy editor, typesetter and proof-reader.
Daniel, J (1989) 'The unkindest cut of all', Nature Canada, vol 8, pp37-44
Dyer, C (1996) 'Evidence rules plea rejected', The Guardian, London, 10 July, p4
Edwards, M and Hulme, D (1992) Making a Difference, Earthscan, London
Hawken, P (1996) 'A Teasing Irony' in Welford, R and Starkey, R (eds) The Earthscan Reader in Business and the Environment, Earthscan, London
New Economics Foundation and Friends of the Earth (1997) More Isn't Always Better: A special briefing on Growth and quality of life in the UK, FoE and NEF, London
World Bank (1995) Monitoring Environmental Progress: A report on work in progress, The World Bank, Washington, DC
If you quote material from another author's work, please make sure that you have quoted the passages correctly, have supplied an accurate reference, and have cleared copyright (see Permissions below).
For notes it is essential that the superscript numbers appear consecutively, ie '1' followed by '2', within each chapter. The sequence of numbers should start at number '1' in each chapter. Do not number them consecutively throughout the entire book. The notes should be listed numerically in one chapter, entitled 'Notes', at the end of the book under 'a' level headings of the relevant chapter. However, in a multi-authored volume, the notes should be placed at the end of each chapter under an 'a' level heading. The superscript note number in the main text should be placed after punctuation, such as when it comes at the end of a sentence or refers to bracketed text. For example:
The results proved to be inconclusive.1 The revised tests (based on research carried out in the early 1970s)2,3 were adopted worldwide.4
Permissions
Unless you have made other arrangements with us, it is solely the author's responsibility to clear permission to reproduce material protected by copyright; the publisher is indemnified against breaches of copyright by the author in the contract. As a rule of thumb, it is usually considered unnecessary to clear permission for text extracts shorter than 400 words, but if you are in any doubt, check with the copyright holder. Please bear in mind that permissions can take several months to clear, so you should apply at the earliest opportunity.
Contentious Material
Authors should make every effort to avoid using material which may give offence to readers. Racist and sexist remarks are unacceptable, and please avoid sexual stereotypes: the masculine pronoun should not be used inaccurately. Use 'people' or 'he' and 'she' alternately; 'businessperson', 'chairperson' and 'salesperson'; and don't use female diminutives, like 'poetess'.
It is the author's responsibility to check the accuracy of the material before it reaches the publisher. It is particularly important that any defamatory or potentially libellous material is checked carefully by a lawyer with competence in that field, and revised as necessary.
Indexes
The index is not compiled until the proofs stage, ie when the page layout is finalized. Under the terms of the contract, the author must provide a comprehensive index. If you decide to do the index yourself, please let us know, and we will advise you on preparation and presentation. Alternatively, we will be happy to commission a freelance indexer to do it for you, the cost of which (usually in the region of £350) is charged against author royalties.
Sections and Cross References
Please don't divide your text up into sections (1.0, 1.1 etc); this hierarchy should be satisfactorily replaced by levels of heading (see above). While sections are useful for exhaustive cross referencing, this is something we try to avoid; being constantly referred to other parts of the text is exhausting for the reader, and is usually only appropriate in the most technical kinds of text. Limited cross referencing can be achieved by typing 'see p000' at the relevant place in the script, and then filling in the appropriate page when you receive the proofs (see below).
Proof-ReadingAlthough proofs are read by a freelance proof-reader, you will be copied a set to check. Please bear in mind that corrections at proof stage are extremely costly, and must be kept to a minimum. No rewriting can be considered - particularly any which will require repagination - and author's corrections which exceed 10 per cent of the cost of the original setting bill will be charged to you.
Please mark any changes as clearly as possible in red pen in the margin of the proofs, and insert the correct page numbers in any cross references indicated.
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